Uncertainty in financial operations. Survival models. Mortality tables used in life insurance. Projected tables. Life insurance covers. Premiums. Prospective and retrospective reserves. Natural premiums. Risk premium and saving premium. Technical bases. Profit emergence. Safe-side requirements. Index models and flexible benefits. Expenses and expenseE. Pitacco, A. Olivieri, "Introduzione alla teoria attuariale delle assicurazioni di persone", Quaderni dell'Unione Matematica Italiana, No. 42, Pitagora Editirice, Bologna, 1997 [Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 6]